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Vaccine protection against rectal acquisition of SIVmac239 in rhesus macaques


Autoři: Lucas Gonzalez-Nieto aff001;  Isabelle M. Castro aff001;  Georg F. Bischof aff001;  Young C. Shin aff001;  Michael J. Ricciardi aff001;  Varian K. Bailey aff001;  Christine M. Dang aff001;  Nuria Pedreño-Lopez aff001;  Diogo M. Magnani aff001;  Keisuke Ejima aff002;  David B. Allison aff002;  Hwi Min Gil aff003;  David T. Evans aff003;  Eva G. Rakasz aff003;  Jeffrey D. Lifson aff005;  Ronald C. Desrosiers aff001;  Mauricio A. Martins aff001
Působiště autorů: Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America aff001;  Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America aff002;  Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America aff003;  Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America aff004;  AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America aff005
Vyšlo v časopise: Vaccine protection against rectal acquisition of SIVmac239 in rhesus macaques. PLoS Pathog 15(9): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008015
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008015

Souhrn

A prophylactic vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a top priority in biomedical research. Given the failure of conventional immunization protocols to confer robust protection against HIV, new and unconventional approaches may be needed to generate protective anti-HIV immunity. Here we vaccinated rhesus macaques (RMs) with a recombinant (r)DNA prime (without any exogenous adjuvant), followed by a booster with rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV)−a herpesvirus that establishes persistent infection in RMs (Group 1). Both the rDNA and rRRV vectors encoded a near-full-length simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVnfl) genome that assembles noninfectious SIV particles and expresses all nine SIV gene products. This rDNA/rRRV-SIVnfl vaccine regimen induced persistent anti-Env antibodies and CD8+ T-cell responses against the entire SIV proteome. Vaccine efficacy was assessed by repeated, marginal-dose, intrarectal challenges with SIVmac239. Encouragingly, vaccinees in Group 1 acquired SIVmac239 infection at a significantly delayed rate compared to unvaccinated controls (Group 3). In an attempt to improve upon this outcome, a separate group of rDNA/rRRV-SIVnfl-vaccinated RMs (Group 2) was treated with a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4)-blocking monoclonal antibody during the vaccine phase and then challenged in parallel with Groups 1 and 3. Surprisingly, Group 2 was not significantly protected against SIVmac239 infection. In sum, SIVnfl vaccination can protect RMs against rigorous mucosal challenges with SIVmac239, a feat that until now had only been accomplished by live-attenuated strains of SIV. Further work is needed to identify the minimal requirements for this protection and whether SIVnfl vaccine efficacy can be improved by means other than anti-CTLA-4 adjuvant therapy.

Klíčová slova:

Cytotoxic T cells – Enzyme-linked immunoassays – Immune response – Rectum – T cells – Vaccination and immunization – Vaccines – SIV


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