The potential impact of COVID-19 in refugee camps in Bangladesh and beyond: A modeling study
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Shaun Truelove aff001; Orit Abrahim aff001; Chiara Altare aff001; Stephen A. Lauer aff001; Krya H. Grantz aff001; Andrew S. Azman aff001; Paul Spiegel aff001
Působiště autorů:
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
aff001; Infectious Disease Dynamics Group, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
aff002; Center for Humanitarian Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
aff003; International Vaccine Access Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
aff004
Vyšlo v časopise:
The potential impact of COVID-19 in refugee camps in Bangladesh and beyond: A modeling study. PLoS Med 17(6): e1003144. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003144
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003144
Souhrn
Background
COVID-19 could have even more dire consequences in refugees camps than in general populations. Bangladesh has confirmed COVID-19 cases and hosts almost 1 million Rohingya refugees from Myanmar, with 600,000 concentrated in the Kutupalong-Balukhali Expansion Site (mean age, 21 years; standard deviation [SD], 18 years; 52% female). Projections of the potential COVID-19 burden, epidemic speed, and healthcare needs in such settings are critical for preparedness planning.
Methods and findings
To explore the potential impact of the introduction of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the Kutupalong-Balukhali Expansion Site, we used a stochastic Susceptible Exposed Infectious Recovered (SEIR) transmission model with parameters derived from emerging literature and age as the primary determinant of infection severity. We considered three scenarios with different assumptions about the transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2. From the simulated infections, we estimated hospitalizations, deaths, and healthcare needs expected, age-adjusted for the Kutupalong-Balukhali Expansion Site age distribution. Our findings suggest that a large-scale outbreak is likely after a single introduction of the virus into the camp, with 61%–92% of simulations leading to at least 1,000 people infected across scenarios. On average, in the first 30 days of the outbreak, we expect 18 (95% prediction interval [PI], 2–65), 54 (95% PI, 3–223), and 370 (95% PI, 4–1,850) people infected in the low, moderate, and high transmission scenarios, respectively. These reach 421,500 (95% PI, 376,300–463,500), 546,800 (95% PI, 499,300–567,000), and 589,800 (95% PI, 578,800–595,600) people infected in 12 months, respectively. Hospitalization needs exceeded the existing hospitalization capacity of 340 beds after 55–136 days, between the low and high transmission scenarios. We estimate 2,040 (95% PI, 1,660–2,500), 2,650 (95% PI, 2,030–3,380), and 2,880 (95% PI, 2,090–3,830) deaths in the low, moderate, and high transmission scenarios, respectively. Due to limited data at the time of analyses, we assumed that age was the primary determinant of infection severity and hospitalization. We expect that comorbidities, limited hospitalization, and intensive care capacity may increase this risk; thus, we may be underestimating the potential burden.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that a COVID-19 epidemic in a refugee settlement may have profound consequences, requiring large increases in healthcare capacity and infrastructure that may exceed what is currently feasible in these settings. Detailed and realistic planning for the worst case in Kutupalong-Balukhali and all refugee camps worldwide must begin now. Plans should consider novel and radical strategies to reduce infectious contacts and fill health worker gaps while recognizing that refugees may not have access to national health systems.
Klíčová slova:
Bangladesh – Death rates – Epidemiology – Health systems strengthening – Hospitalizations – Intensive care units – Respiratory infections – SARS
Zdroje
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