The type IV pilus protein PilU functions as a PilT-dependent retraction ATPase

English version

Autoři: David W. Adams ^aff001; Jorge M. Pereira ^aff001; Candice Stoudmann ^aff001; Sandrine Stutzmann ^aff001; Melanie Blokesch ^aff001
Působiště autorů: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL-SV-UPBLO, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH, Lausanne, Switzerland ^aff001
Vyšlo v časopise: The type IV pilus protein PilU functions as a PilT-dependent retraction ATPase. PLoS Genet 15(9): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008393
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008393

Souhrn

Type IV pili are dynamic cell surface appendages found throughout the bacteria. The ability of these structures to undergo repetitive cycles of extension and retraction underpins their crucial roles in adhesion, motility and natural competence for transformation. In the best-studied systems a dedicated retraction ATPase PilT powers pilus retraction. Curiously, a second presumed retraction ATPase PilU is often encoded immediately downstream of pilT. However, despite the presence of two potential retraction ATPases, pilT deletions lead to a total loss of pilus function, raising the question of why PilU fails to take over. Here, using the DNA-uptake pilus and mannose-sensitive haemagglutinin (MSHA) pilus of Vibrio cholerae as model systems, we show that inactivated PilT variants, defective for either ATP-binding or hydrolysis, have unexpected intermediate phenotypes that are PilU-dependent. In addition to demonstrating that PilU can function as a bona fide retraction ATPase, we go on to make the surprising discovery that PilU functions exclusively in a PilT-dependent manner and identify a naturally occurring pandemic V. cholerae PilT variant that renders PilU essential for pilus function. Finally, we show that Pseudomonas aeruginosa PilU also functions as a PilT-dependent retraction ATPase, providing evidence that the functional coupling between PilT and PilU could be a widespread mechanism for optimal pilus retraction.

Klíčová slova:

Biology and life sciences – Cell biology – Cellular structures and organelles – Pili and fimbriae – Biochemistry – Enzymology – Enzymes – Phosphatases – Adenosine triphosphatase – Proteins – Microbiology – Medical microbiology – Microbial pathogens – Bacterial pathogens – Vibrio cholerae – Pseudomonas aeruginosa – Organisms – Bacteria – Vibrio – Pseudomonas – Genetics – Genetic elements – Genomics – Mobile genetic elements – Transposable elements – Medicine and health sciences – Pathology and laboratory medicine – Pathogens – Virulence factors – Pathogen motility – Physical sciences – Chemistry – Polymer chemistry – Macromolecules – Polymers – chitin – Materials science – Materials – Research and analysis methods – Database and informatics methods – Bioinformatics – Sequence analysis – Sequence alignment

Zdroje

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