Phylogenetic background and habitat drive the genetic diversification of Escherichia coli
Autoři:
Marie Touchon aff001; Amandine Perrin aff001; Jorge André Moura de Sousa aff001; Belinda Vangchhia aff003; Samantha Burn aff003; Claire L. O’Brien aff005; Erick Denamur aff006; David Gordon aff003; Eduardo PC Rocha aff001
Působiště autorů:
Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, UMR3525, 25-28 rue Dr Roux, Paris, 75015, France
aff001; Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, UMR3525, rue Dr Roux, Paris, France
aff001; Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, F-75005 Paris, France
aff002; Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, Paris, France
aff002; Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
aff003; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
aff004; School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave Wollongong, Australia
aff005; Université de Paris, IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Paris, 75018, France
aff006; Université de Paris, IAME, UMR, INSERM, Paris, France
aff006; AP-HP, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Bichat, 75018, Paris, France
aff007; AP-HP, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
aff007
Vyšlo v časopise:
Phylogenetic background and habitat drive the genetic diversification of Escherichia coli. PLoS Genet 16(6): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008866
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008866
Souhrn
Escherichia coli is mostly a commensal of birds and mammals, including humans, where it can act as an opportunistic pathogen. It is also found in water and sediments. We investigated the phylogeny, genetic diversification, and habitat-association of 1,294 isolates representative of the phylogenetic diversity of more than 5,000 isolates from the Australian continent. Since many previous studies focused on clinical isolates, we investigated mostly other isolates originating from humans, poultry, wild animals and water. These strains represent the species genetic diversity and reveal widespread associations between phylogroups and isolation sources. The analysis of strains from the same sequence types revealed very rapid change of gene repertoires in the very early stages of divergence, driven by the acquisition of many different types of mobile genetic elements. These elements also lead to rapid variations in genome size, even if few of their genes rise to high frequency in the species. Variations in genome size are associated with phylogroup and isolation sources, but the latter determine the number of MGEs, a marker of recent transfer, suggesting that gene flow reinforces the association of certain genetic backgrounds with specific habitats. After a while, the divergence of gene repertoires becomes linear with phylogenetic distance, presumably reflecting the continuous turnover of mobile element and the occasional acquisition of adaptive genes. Surprisingly, the phylogroups with smallest genomes have the highest rates of gene repertoire diversification and fewer but more diverse mobile genetic elements. This suggests that smaller genomes are associated with higher, not lower, turnover of genetic information. Many of these genomes are from freshwater isolates and have peculiar traits, including a specific capsule, suggesting adaptation to this environment. Altogether, these data contribute to explain why epidemiological clones tend to emerge from specific phylogenetic groups in the presence of pervasive horizontal gene transfer across the species.
Klíčová slova:
Animal phylogenetics – Bacterial genomics – Bird genomics – Comparative genomics – Phylogenetic analysis – Population genetics – Virulence factors – Color codes
Zdroje
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