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Adapting to survive: How Candida overcomes host-imposed constraints during human colonization


Autoři: Rosana Alves aff001;  Cláudia Barata-Antunes aff001;  Margarida Casal aff001;  Alistair J. P. Brown aff003;  Patrick Van Dijck aff004;  Sandra Paiva aff001
Působiště autorů: Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal aff001;  Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S) University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal aff002;  MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom aff003;  VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Flanders, Belgium aff004;  Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium aff005
Vyšlo v časopise: Adapting to survive: How Candida overcomes host-imposed constraints during human colonization. PLoS Pathog 16(5): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008478
Kategorie: Review
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008478

Souhrn

Successful human colonizers such as Candida pathogens have evolved distinct strategies to survive and proliferate within the human host. These include sophisticated mechanisms to evade immune surveillance and adapt to constantly changing host microenvironments where nutrient limitation, pH fluctuations, oxygen deprivation, changes in temperature, or exposure to oxidative, nitrosative, and cationic stresses may occur. Here, we review the current knowledge and recent findings highlighting the remarkable ability of medically important Candida species to overcome a broad range of host-imposed constraints and how this directly affects their physiology and pathogenicity. We also consider the impact of these adaptation mechanisms on immune recognition, biofilm formation, and antifungal drug resistance, as these pathogens often exploit specific host constraints to establish a successful infection. Recent studies of adaptive responses to physiological niches have improved our understanding of the mechanisms established by fungal pathogens to evade the immune system and colonize the host, which may facilitate the design of innovative diagnostic tests and therapeutic approaches for Candida infections.

Klíčová slova:

Antifungals – Antimicrobial resistance – Biofilms – Candida – Candida albicans – Fungal pathogens – Hypoxia – Transcription factors


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