Natural variation in the regulation of neurodevelopmental genes modifies flight performance in Drosophila
Autoři:
Adam N. Spierer aff001; Jim A. Mossman aff001; Samuel Pattillo Smith aff001; Lorin Crawford aff002; Sohini Ramachandran aff001; David M. Rand aff001
Působiště autorů:
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
aff001; Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
aff002; Microsoft Research New England, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
aff003
Vyšlo v časopise:
Natural variation in the regulation of neurodevelopmental genes modifies flight performance in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 17(3): e1008887. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008887
Kategorie:
Research Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008887
Souhrn
The winged insects of the order Diptera are colloquially named for their most recognizable phenotype: flight. These insects rely on flight for a number of important life history traits, such as dispersal, foraging, and courtship. Despite the importance of flight, relatively little is known about the genetic architecture of flight performance. Accordingly, we sought to uncover the genetic modifiers of flight using a measure of flies’ reaction and response to an abrupt drop in a vertical flight column. We conducted a genome wide association study (GWAS) using 197 of the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) lines, and identified a combination of additive and marginal variants, epistatic interactions, whole genes, and enrichment across interaction networks. Egfr, a highly pleiotropic developmental gene, was among the most significant additive variants identified. We functionally validated 13 of the additive candidate genes’ (Adgf-A/Adgf-A2/CG32181, bru1, CadN, flapper (CG11073), CG15236, flippy (CG9766), CREG, Dscam4, form3, fry, Lasp/CG9692, Pde6, Snoo), and introduce a novel approach to whole gene significance screens: PEGASUS_flies. Additionally, we identified ppk23, an Acid Sensing Ion Channel (ASIC) homolog, as an important hub for epistatic interactions. We propose a model that suggests genetic modifiers of wing and muscle morphology, nervous system development and function, BMP signaling, sexually dimorphic neural wiring, and gene regulation are all important for the observed differences flight performance in a natural population. Additionally, these results represent a snapshot of the genetic modifiers affecting drop-response flight performance in Drosophila, with implications for other insects.
Klíčová slova:
Animal flight – Drosophila melanogaster – Epistasis – Genetic engineering – Genetic networks – Genetic screens – Genetics – Insect flight
Zdroje
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