#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Liberalization and integration of drug distribution in the EU 28 and Norway


Authors: Jaroslav Písek;  Kamil Pícha
Published in the journal: Čes. slov. Farm., 2018; 67, 14-24
Category: Přehledy a odborná sdělení

Summary

The pharmaceutical distribution system in Europe is undergoing a long-term change. Wholesale companies join together to form both horizontally and vertically integrated structures. Pharmacies, formerly owned almost exclusively by pharmacists, are becoming part of the chain thanks to the liberalization of operating conditions. Chains are expanding successfully due to economies of scale and purchasing power for negotiation with suppliers. Independent pharmacies are becoming part of virtual chains to better compete with chains. An assortment previously reserved to pharmacies is also marketed in food stores or gas pumps due to legislative changes. E-pharmacies and e-shops compete in the area of over-the-counter pharmaceuticals and the complementary range of pharmacies. The paper describes systems of pharmaceutical distribution and their specifics in individual EU countries and Norway. In eight EU countries, the legislative framework does not allow the formation of pharmacy chains. More than 50% of public pharmacies are integrated into chains in six member states. A question remains concerning the influence of these different approaches to market regulation and thus different functioning of the market on the availability of pharmaceuticals for customers and also on the total costs of the pharmaceutical distribution system.

Key words:

pharmaceutical distribution • community pharmacy • EU28 • liberalization • integration


Zdroje

  1.   Kanavos P., Wouters O. J. Competition issues in the distribution of pharmaceuticals. In: OECD Global Forum on Competition 2014.

  2.   Pharmine. Country profiles. https://www.pharmine.org/country-profiles (11. 11. 2017).

  3.   European Pharmacist Forum. Our countries. http://www.europeanpharmacistsforum.com/our-countries (11. 11. 2017).

  4.   DICE Database. Distribution Mark-ups and Value-added Tax (VAT) for Pharmaceuticals, 2007. ifo Institute, Mnichov, Německo. http://www.cesifo-group.de/DICE/fb/nsJPtk4b (11. 11. 2017).

  5.   Vogler S. Liberalization in the pharmacy sector. In: OECD Global Forum on Competition 2014.

  6.   James Dudley Management International Players Driving European Pharmacy. Newsletter December 2015. http://james-dudley.co.uk

  7.   Phoenix Group Annual report 2016/2017. https://www.phoenixgroup.eu

  8.   Walgreens Boots Alliance Annual report 2016. http://investor.walgreensbootsalliance.com

  9.   Celesio Annual report 2017. http://www.mckesson.eu/mck-en/investors

10.   Penta Investments A good year for the Penta investment group. Press release April 26, 2017. http://www.pentainvestments.com/en/

11.   Eurostat. Population on 1 January, 2017. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat

12.   Algemene Pharmaceutische Bond De apotheek. http://www.apb.be (11. 11. 2017).

13.   WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement Policies Country reports. http://whocc.goeg.at/Publications/ (11. 11. 2017).

14.   Multipharma Welkom bij Multipharma. https://www.multipharma.be (11. 11. 2017).

15.   Senato della Repubblica Pharmacy chain overview 2014. https://www.senato.it (15. 9. 2017).

16.   Groupement International de la Répartition Pharmaceutique Wholesalers’ directory. http://www.girp.eu/wholesalers-directory (19. 8. 2017).

17.   Kanavos P., Schurer, W., Vogler, S. The pharmaceutical distribution chain in the European Union: structure and impact on pharmaceutical prices. Evropská komise 2011. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/51051/

18.   Danish Medicines Agency Pharmacies in Denmark. http://laegemiddelstyrelsen.dk (16. 8. 2017).

19.   Dočkal M. Estonsko reguluje provoz lékáren. APATYKÁŘ® 13. 7. 2017. http://lekarenstvi.apatykar.info/lekarenstvi-ve-svete/clanek-3234/

20.   The Association of Finnish Pharmacies Annual review 2016. http://www.apteekkariliitto.fi/en/annual-reviews.html

21.   Team Finland A robotics expert is automating pharmacies. 9. 6. 2016. http://team.finland.fi/en

22.   European Pharmacist Forum Our countries. http://www.europeanpharmacistsforum.com (14. 11. 2017).

23.   Ordre National Des Pharmaciens Rapport d’activitér. http://www.ordre.pharmacien.fr (27. 6. 2017).

24.   Hrvatska ljekarnička komora Pharmacy in Croatia. http://www.hljk.hr (17. 8. 2017).

25.   Gradska Ljekarna Zagreb Kontakt podaci ljekarne. http://www.gljz.hr (19. 8. 2017).

26.   The Pharmaceutical Society of Ireland Statistics Pharmacies August 2017. http://www.thepsi.ie/gns/Registration/public-registers/Statistics.aspx

27.   Dočkal M. Lékárenský monopol v Itálii končí. APATYKÁŘ® 3. 8. 2017. http://lekarenstvi.apatykar.info/lekarenstvi-ve-svete/clanek-4044/

28.   Ministry of Health Cyprus Kατάλογος Ιδωτικών Φαρμακείων (Παγκύπρια). http://www.moh.gov.cy (19. 8. 2017).

29.   Le Gouvernement Du Grand-Duché de Luxemburg Etudes & Métiers: Professions médicales (édition 2015/2016). http://www.sante.public.lu/fr/publications/index.php

30.   Government of Malta Medicines Authority. http://www.medicinesauthority.gov.mt/licensed-pharmaceutical-activities (19. 8. 2017).

31.   ABDA German pharmacies: Figures Data Facts 2017. https://www.abda.de

32.   Arentz O., Recker C., Vuong V. A., Wambach A. Entry in German Pharmacy Market. Otto Wolff Institut. Draft version March 2016. http://www.otto-wolff-institut.de/Publikationen/DiskussionPapers/

33.   Vogler S., Arts D., Habl C. Community Pharmacy in Europe. WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement Policies, February 2006. http://whocc.goeg.at/Publications/BooksReports

34.   Magowska A. Pharmacy chains versus private pharmacies in Poland, 1989-2015. DEBATER A EUROPA. N.14 janeiro/junho 2016 – Semestral. http://www.europe-direct-aveiro.aeva.eu/debatereuropa/

35.   Österreichische Apothekerkammer Apotheke in zahlen 2017. http://www.apotheker.or.at

36.   WHO ROMANIA Pharmaceutical Sector Analysis. http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s16762e/s16762e.pdf (22. 8. 2017).

37.   Dočkal M. Klasické lékárenství v Řecku končí. APATYKÁŘ® 31. 3. 2014. http://lekarenstvi.apatykar.info/lekarenstvi-ve-svete/clanek-2755/

38.   Vozikis A., Stavropoulou L., Patrinos G .P. Community Pharmacists’ Strategies in Greece. Health 2015; 7, 1560–1577.

39.   Szalayová A., Skybová K., Kandilaki D., Szalay T. Analýza lekárenského trhu na Slovensku a v Českej republike. Health Policy Institute, Bratislava, září 2014. http://www.hpi.sk/2014/09/analyza-lekarenskeho-trhu/

40.   Lekarniška zbornica Slovenije Mreža lekarn. http://www.lzs.si (22. 8. 2017).

41.   Läkemedelsverket The Swedish pharmacy market. https://lakemedelsverket.se (24. 8. 2017).

42.   Apoteket Handla på apoteket.se. https://www.apoteket.se/kundservice/handla-pa-apoteket/ (24. 8. 2017).

43.   General Pharmaceutical Council Pharmacy Register. https://www.pharmacyregulation.org/registers (29. 6. 2017).

44.   Apotekforeningen Statistikk for 2016: Apotek- og legemiddelstatistikk.http://www.apotek.no/fakta-og-ressurser/statistikk-for-2016

Štítky
Farmacie Farmakologie

Článek vyšel v časopise

Česká a slovenská farmacie

Číslo 1

2018 Číslo 1
Nejčtenější tento týden
Nejčtenější v tomto čísle
Kurzy

Zvyšte si kvalifikaci online z pohodlí domova

Důležitost adherence při depresivním onemocnění
nový kurz
Autoři: MUDr. Eliška Bartečková, Ph.D.

Koncepce osteologické péče pro gynekology a praktické lékaře
Autoři: MUDr. František Šenk

Sekvenční léčba schizofrenie
Autoři: MUDr. Jana Hořínková, Ph.D.

Hypertenze a hypercholesterolémie – synergický efekt léčby
Autoři: prof. MUDr. Hana Rosolová, DrSc.

Multidisciplinární zkušenosti u pacientů s diabetem
Autoři: Prof. MUDr. Martin Haluzík, DrSc., prof. MUDr. Vojtěch Melenovský, CSc., prof. MUDr. Vladimír Tesař, DrSc.

Všechny kurzy
Přihlášení
Zapomenuté heslo

Zadejte e-mailovou adresu, se kterou jste vytvářel(a) účet, budou Vám na ni zaslány informace k nastavení nového hesla.

Přihlášení

Nemáte účet?  Registrujte se

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#